What is Measles?
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system but can have widespread effects throughout the body. The infection is caused by the measles virus, which is spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Measles is preventable through vaccination, but without proper vaccination, it can cause serious health complications, including skin rashes, respiratory problems, and even death in severe cases.
Symptoms of Measles
Measles typically appears 7-14 days after exposure to the virus. Early symptoms often resemble those of a cold or flu, and may include:
- Fever: A high fever often begins about 10 to 12 days after exposure.
- Cough: A dry, persistent cough is common.
- Runny Nose: This may be accompanied by a sore throat.
- Red, Watery Eyes: Conjunctivitis is common and can make the eyes sensitive to light.
- Koplik Spots: These are small, white spots that may appear inside the mouth, often seen 2-3 days before the rash appears.
After a few days, a characteristic red, blotchy rash begins to appear, often starting at the hairline and spreading to the face, neck, and down the body. This rash can last for several days and is one of the hallmarks of measles.
Causes & Transmission
The measles virus is spread through respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes, making it highly contagious. It can live in the air and on surfaces for up to two hours, meaning people who are in the same room or environment as an infected person may be exposed.
Measles is most common in children under 5 and adults over 20 who have not been vaccinated or previously infected. It is important to note that measles can be prevented through vaccination with the MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella).
Measles Complications
While measles may seem like a harmless childhood illness for some, it can lead to severe complications, including:
- Ear Infections: Leading cause of hearing loss in children.
- Pneumonia: The most common cause of death from measles in young children.
- Encephalitis: A rare but serious inflammation of the brain, which can lead to seizures, brain damage, or even death.
- Pregnancy Risks: Pregnant women infected with measles are at risk for miscarriage or premature labor.
In some cases, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE), a rare but fatal neurological disorder, can develop years after an initial measles infection.
Prevention & Vaccination
The best way to prevent measles is through vaccination. The MMR vaccine is safe and effective, providing protection against measles, mumps, and rubella.
- First dose: Administered at 12-15 months of age.
- Second dose: Administered at 4-6 years of age.
The vaccine provides immunity for life in most people. If you're unsure about your vaccination status or need a booster, schedule an appointment with Aspen Dermatology for consultation.
Measles Treatment
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. However, supportive care is crucial in managing the symptoms:
- Hydration: Drinking fluids to stay hydrated.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen, can help manage fever and discomfort.
- Rest: Resting and staying home to prevent spreading the virus to others.
In severe cases or complications, hospitalization may be required for more intensive care.
Why Vaccination is Crucial
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent measles and protect yourself and those around you. As a highly contagious disease, measles can quickly spread in communities with low vaccination rates. Achieving high vaccination rates helps protect vulnerable individuals who cannot receive vaccines, such as infants and those with weakened immune systems.
If you have not yet been vaccinated or are unsure about your vaccination status, talk to your healthcare provider at Aspen Dermatology.
Contact Aspen Dermatology
If you or a loved one has been exposed to measles, showing symptoms, or if you are considering getting vaccinated, Aspen Dermatology is here to help. Our team of professionals can provide guidance, treatment, and vaccination recommendations.
Call us today to schedule a consultation or find out more about how we can help you stay healthy and safe.
References:
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Measles
- World Health Organization (WHO) – Measles Facts
