What is Oral Thrush?
Oral thrush is a fungal infection in the mouth caused by an overgrowth of a yeast called Candida albicans. While Candida naturally lives in the mouth, an overgrowth can lead to discomfort and visible white patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or roof of the mouth.
Symptoms of Oral Thrush
The symptoms of oral thrush can vary in severity and may include:
- White or cream-colored patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or roof of the mouth
- Soreness or pain in the mouth or throat
- Redness or cracks at the corners of the mouth
- Difficulty swallowing or a sensation of food being stuck in your throat
- A cottony feeling in the mouth
- Loss of taste or an unpleasant taste in the mouth
If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to seek evaluation from a healthcare provider like our experts at Aspen Dermatology.
Causes of Oral Thrush
Oral thrush occurs when there is an imbalance in the naturally occurring Candida in the mouth. Several factors can contribute to this imbalance:
- Weakened immune system: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or diabetes, are more susceptible to oral thrush.
- Antibiotic use: Antibiotics can kill healthy bacteria in the mouth, allowing yeast to grow unchecked.
- Poor oral hygiene: Not brushing or flossing regularly can lead to the overgrowth of fungi and bacteria.
- Dentures: Wearing dentures, especially if they don't fit properly, can create a breeding ground for yeast.
- Dry mouth (xerostomia): Reduced saliva flow can lead to an increased risk of oral thrush.
- Smoking: Tobacco use can increase your likelihood of developing oral thrush.
- Certain medications: Corticosteroids, inhalers, or drugs used to treat cancer can increase the risk.
Risk Factors for Oral Thrush
Certain groups of people are at a higher risk of developing oral thrush:
- Infants and older adults
- People with diabetes
- People with compromised immune systems (such as those undergoing chemotherapy or with HIV/AIDS)
- People using inhaled steroids or antibiotics
- People with dry mouth or wearing dentures
How is Oral Thrush Diagnosed?
At Aspen Dermatology, we can quickly diagnose oral thrush based on your medical history and an examination of your mouth. In some cases, a scraping of the affected area may be taken for laboratory testing to confirm the presence of Candida.
Treatment Options for Oral Thrush
Oral thrush is typically treatable with antifungal medications. Your healthcare provider will recommend the best course of action based on your specific condition. Treatment options may include:
- Antifungal mouthwash or lozenges: These are commonly prescribed to treat mild cases of oral thrush.
- Antifungal medications (oral tablets): For more severe or persistent cases, oral antifungals may be prescribed.
- Topical antifungal creams: If you have thrush that affects other areas, such as the skin or lips, a topical antifungal may be recommended.
Preventing Oral Thrush
While oral thrush can often be treated, preventing it from returning is equally important. Here are some tips to reduce your risk:
- Practice good oral hygiene: Brush and floss your teeth regularly and replace your toothbrush every few months.
- Use a soft toothbrush to avoid irritation in the mouth.
- Rinse your mouth after using inhalers: If you're using corticosteroid inhalers, rinse your mouth afterward to reduce the risk of fungal growth.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to prevent dry mouth.
- Monitor your blood sugar: If you have diabetes, keeping your blood sugar levels under control can help prevent oral thrush.
- Quit smoking: Smoking weakens your immune system and increases your risk for oral thrush.
When to See a doctor
If you notice white patches in your mouth, persistent soreness, or difficulty swallowing, it’s important to seek professional help. Early diagnosis and treatment can help you manage the condition more effectively.
